مدیریت جامع حوزه های آبخیز

مدیریت جامع حوزه های آبخیز

ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی خدمات اکوسیستم: مروری بر مفاهیم و روش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دکتری آمایش محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران
2 استادیار گروه ارزیابی و مخاطرات محیط‌زیست، پژوهشکده محیط‌زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اکوسیستم­‌ها، اگر بهدرستی مدیریت شوند، یک جریان خدماتی مانند تولید کالاها را که برای انسان­‌ها حیاتی است، ارائه می‌­دهند؛ بنابراین ضرورت حفاظت و توسعه­‌ی آن‌ها به‌عنوان راه‌حلی اساسی برای دست‌یابی به توسعه پایدار و تضمین رفاه نسل­‌ها مطرح است. یکی از مقدمات اصلی توسعه پایدار، درک ارزش سرمایه‌­های طبیعی است و توجه به این امر، اهمیت مفهوم ارزش­‌گذاری را آشکار می­‌سازد. خدمات اکوسیستم به خدمات و محصولات ارائه شده توسط یک اکوسیستم تحت شرایط اکولوژیکی مناسب و یکپارچگی ساختاری و عملکردی برای رفاه انسان اشاره دارد. در واقع ارزش­‌گذاری خدمات اکوسیستم یکی از ابزارهای اصلی حفاظت از محیط­‌‌‌زیست و منابع طبیعی است. از اهداف ارزش­‌گذاری منابع طبیعی و محیط‌­زیست که توسط اقتصاددانان صورت می­‌گیرد، می‌­توان به مواردی مثل شناخت و فهم منافع محیط‌زیستی توسط انسان، کمک به تصمیم‌‌گیرندگان و برنامه‌­ریزان از طریق ارائه‌­ی مسائل محیط­‌زیستی کشور به آن‌ها و همچنین ارتباط میان سیاست­‌های اقتصادی و درآمدهای طبیعی اشاره کرد. اگر ارزش‌­گذاری خدمات محیط‌­زیستی و منابع طبیعی بر حسب واحدهایی باشد که قابل‌قیاس با سایر کالاها نباشد، برای انسان‌­ها این تصور به‌وجود می­‌آید که این خدمات رایگان هستند. در واقع عدم توجه به ارزش این خدمات، در سطح تصمیم­‌گیری‌­ها منجر به اتخاذ سیاست­‌های ناپایدار می‌­شود؛ بنابراین ارزش­‌گذاری اقتصادی منابع طبیعی با مطرح کردن ارزش کمی کالاها و خدمات اکوسیستم، مدیران را در برنامه­‌ریزی حفاظت و بهره‌­برداری پایدار محیط‌­زیست و منابع طبیعی کمک می­‌کند. بر این اساس در این مطالعه ضمن مروری بر مفاهیم و روش‌­های ارزش‌­گذاری اقتصادی خدمات اکوسیستم به معرفی چند روش پر کاربرد پرداخته می­‌شود.
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 بهمن 1400