Abere, F., Belete, Y., Kefalew, A., & Soromessa, T. (2017). Carbon stock of Banja forest in Banja district, Amhara region, Ethiopia: An implication for climate change mitigation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36(6), 604–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2017.1332646
Alinejadi, S., Basiri, R., Tahmasebi kohyani, P., Askari, Y., & Moradi, M. (2016). Estimation of biomass and carbon sequestration in various forms of Quercus brantii Lindl. stands in Balout Boland, Dehdez. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8(2), 129-139. (In Persian)
Andrew, M., Noble, I., & Lange, R. (1979). A non-destructive method for estimating the weight of forage on shrubs. The Rangeland Journal, 1(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ9790225
Asanok, L., Taweesuk, R., & Kamyo, T. (2021). Plant Functional Diversity Is Linked to Carbon Storage in Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest Edges in Northern Thailand. Sustainability, 13(20), 11416. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011416
Askari, Y., Iranmanesh, Y., & Pourhashemi, M. (2021). The economic value and comparison of carbon storage in different forest areas in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. Iranian journal of forest, 13(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijf.2021.276293.1767 (In Persian)
Chen, X., Taylor, A. R., Reich, P. B., Hisano, M., Chen, H. Y. H., & Chang, S. X. (2023). Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual. Nature, 618(7963), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9
Conti, G., & Díaz, S. (2013). Plant functional diversity and carbon storage – an empirical test in semi‐arid forest ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 101(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12012
Cornelissen, J. H. C., Lavorel, S., Garnier, E., Díaz, S., Buchmann, N., Gurvich, D. E., Reich, P. B., Steege, H. T., Morgan, H. D., Heijden, M. G. A. V. D., Pausas, J. G., & Poorter, H. (2003). A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 51(4), 335. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT02124
Deng, L., Liu, G.B., & Shangguan, Z.P. (2014). Land-use conversion and changing soil carbon stocks in China's ‘Grain-for-Green’Program: a synthesis. Global change biology, 20, 3544–3556. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12508
Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., De Bello, F., Quetier, F., Grigulis, K., & Robson, T.M. )2007). Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 20684– 20689. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704716104
Forogh Nasab, M., Moradi, M., Moradi, Gh., & Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, R. (2021). Erratum to: Topsoil Carbon Stock and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Riparian Forests and Agricultural Lands of Southwestern Iran. Eurasian Soil Science, 54(3), 459–459. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321300013
Freschet, G. T., Swart, E. M., & Cornelissen, J. H. C. (2015). Integrated plant phenotypic responses to contrasting above‐ and below‐ground resources: Key roles of specific leaf area and root mass fraction. New Phytologist, 206(4), 1247–1260. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13352
Garnier, E., & Navas, M.-L. (2011). A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: Concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32(2), 365–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0036-y
Huber, F. (1928). Forstliche Biometrie. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
Imani, F., Moradi, M., & Basiri, R. (2016) The Effect of Prosopis juliflora Afforestation on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Sand Dunes (Case study: Magran Shush. Journal of Water and Soil Science, 20(77), 173–184. http://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.20.77.173
Jafarian, Z., Ahmadi, F., & Kargar, M. (2018). Effects of grazing intensities on functional diversity and species diversity indices in the Bolban Abad rangeland, Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 24(4), 768 -777. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2017.114888
Jagadesh, M., Dash, M., Singh, S. K., Kumari, A., Garg, V. K., & Jaiswal, A. (2024). Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forests and Forest Soils and Their Role in Climate Change Mitigation. In H. Singh (Ed.), Forests and Climate Change (pp. 315–326). Springer Nature Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3905-9_16
Junttila, V., Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M., Forsius, M., Akujärvi, A., Ojanen, P., & Mäkelä, A. (2023). Quantification of forest carbon flux and stock uncertainties under climate change and their use in regionally explicit decision making: Case study in Finland. Ambio, 52(11), 1716–1733.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01906-4
Karami, M., Sheykholeslami, A., Heydari, M., Nimvari, M. E., Omidipour, R., & Prevosto, B. (2022). Taxonomic and structural diversity indices predict soil carbon storage better than functional diversity indices along a dieback intensity gradient in semi-arid oak forests. Trees, 36(2), 537–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02227-3
Karamian, M.& Hosseini, V. (2015). Effect of Position and Slope Aspect on Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen and Available Phosphorus in Forest Soils (Case Study: The Forest of Ilam Province, Dalab). Journal of Water and Soil Science, 19 (71), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.19.71.109
Keerthika, A., Parthiban, & K. T. (2022). Wood-specific gravity and carbon proportion of multifunctional agroforestry trees in foothills of Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India. Agroforest Syst 96, 811–815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00742-x
Kvakić, M., Tzagkarakis, G., Pellerin, S., Ciais, P., Goll, D., Mollier, A., & Ringeval, B. (2020). Carbon and Phosphorus Allocation in Annual Plants: An Optimal Functioning Approach. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 149.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00149
Laliberté, E., & Legendre, P. (2010). A distance‐based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology, 91(1), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2244.1
Leley, N. C., Langat, D. K., Kisiwa, A. K., Maina, G. M., & Muga, M. O. (2022). Total Carbon Stock and Potential Carbon Sequestration Economic Value of Mukogodo Forest-Landscape Ecosystem in Drylands of Northern Kenya. Open Journal of Forestry, 12(01), 19–40.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2022.121002
Mahdavi, A., Saidi, S., Iranmanesh, Y., & Naderi, M. (2020). Biomass and carbon stocks in three types of Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area, Iran. J. Arid Land 12, 766–774 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-020-0027-4
Makarieva, A. M., Nefiodov, A. V., Rammig, A., & Nobre, A. D. (2023). Re-appraisal of the global climatic role of natural forests for improved climate projections and policies. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6,1150191. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1150191
Mansoori, Z., Tahmasebi, P., Saeedfar, M., & Shirmardi, H.A. (2013). Answer diversity of plant communities to grazing during the tilt-shift function is to protect the steppe and semi-steppe zones. Journal of plant ecosystem conservation, 1(3), 91-104. (In Persian)
Mason, N. W. H., Mouillot, D., Lee, W. G., & Wilson, J. B. (2005). Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: The primary components of functional diversity. Oikos, 111(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x
Mirzaei, J., Moradi, M., & Seyedi, F. (2016). Carbon Sequestration in the Leaf, Litter and Soil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Prosopis juliflora and Ziziphus spina-christi Species. Ecopersia, 4(3), 1481-1491. https://doi.org/10.18869/modares.Ecopersia.4. 3.1 481
Mokany, K., Ash, J., & Roxburgh, S. (2008). Functional identity is more important than diversity in influencing ecosystem processes in a temperate native grassland. Journal of Ecology, 96(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01395.x
Moles, A. T., Warton, D. I., Warman, L., Swenson, N. G., Laffan, S. W., Zanne, A. E., Pitman, A., Hemmings, F. A., & Leishman, M. R. (2009). Global patterns in plant height. Journal of Ecology, 97(5), 923–932. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01526.x
Moradi, M., Imani, F., Naji, H. R., Behbahani, S. M., Ahmadi, M. T. (2017). Variation in soil carbon stock and nutrient content in sand dunes after afforestation by Prosopis juliflora in the Khuzestan province (Iran). iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10(3), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2137-010
Moradi, M., & Ghasemi, A. (2021). Carbon Stock Estimation of Avicennia Marina (Forssk.) Forest Soil in Bushehr Province. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 23(3), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.30495/jest.2019.17972.2679
Moradi, M., & Moradi, G. (2024). Carbon Sequestration of Mediterranean Tree Species in the Zagros Forest of Iran. ECOPERSIA, 12(4), 351-361. http://doi.org/10.22034/ECOPERSIA.12.4.351
Morecroft, M. D., Duffield, S., Harley, M., Pearce-Higgins, J. W., Stevens, N., Watts, O., & Whitaker, J. (2019). Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems. Science, 366(6471), eaaw9256. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw925
Ouyang, S., Gou, M., Lei, P., Liu, Y., Chen, L., Deng, X., Zhao, Z., Zeng, Y., Hu, Y., Peng, C., & Xiang, W. (2023). Plant functional trait diversity and structural diversity co-underpin ecosystem multifunctionality in subtropical forests. Forest Ecosystems, 10, 100093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100093
Pakeman, R. J., Eastwood, A., & Scobie, A. (2011). Leaf dry matter content as a predictor of grassland litter decomposition: A test of the ‘mass ratio hypothesis.’ Plant and Soil, 342(1–2), 49–57.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0664-z
Palosuo, T., Liski, J., Trofymow, J. A., & Titus, B. D. (2005). Litter decomposition affected by climate and litter quality—Testing the Yasso model with litterbag data from the Canadian intersite decomposition experiment. Ecological Modelling, 189(1–2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.006
Pati, P. K., Kaushik, P., Khan, M. L., & Khare, P. K. (2023). Effect of habitat specific wood specific gravity on biomass and carbon stock of trees in tropical dry deciduous forest of central India. Tropical Ecology, 64(3), 519–531.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-022-00279-1
Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Díaz, S., Garnier, E., Lavorel, S., Poorter, H., Jaureguiberry, P., Bret-Harte, M. S., Cornwell, W. K., Craine, J. M., Gurvich, D. E., Urcelay, C., Veneklaas, E. J., Reich, P. B., Poorter, L., Wright, I. J., Ray, P., Enrico, L., Pausas, J. G., De Vos, A. C., … Cornelissen, J. H. C. (2013). New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 61(3), 167. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT12225
Petchey, O. L., & Gaston, K. J. (2006). Functional diversity: Back to basics and looking forward. Ecology Letters, 9(6), 741–758.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00924.x
Rawat, M., Arunachalam, K., Arunachalam, A., Alatalo, J., & Pandey, R. (2019). Associations of plant functional diversity with carbon accumulation in a temperate forest ecosystem in the Indian Himalayas. Ecological Indicators, 98, 861–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.12.005
Sarvazad, A., Fallah, A., & Vadedi, A. A. (2023). Investigation the Effect of Dead Trees on the Trend of Changes in Soil Carbon Storage Across an Altitudinal Gradient of Western Quercus Forests (Case study: Qalajeh Forest). Ecology of Iranian Forest, 11(22), 142-150. http://doi.org/10.61186/ifej.11.22.130
Sheng, Z., Du, J., Sun, B., Mao, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Diao, Z. (2022). The Role of Plant Functional Diversity in Regulating Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Grazing Intensities in Temperate Grassland, China. Sustainability, 14(8), 4376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084376
Sohrabi, H., & Shirvani, A. (2012). Allometric equations for estimating standing biomass of Atlantic Pistache (Pistacia atlantica var. mutica) in Khojir National Park. Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(1), 55-64. (In Persian)
Srinivas, K., & Sundarapandian, S. (2019). Biomass and carbon stocks of trees in tropical dry forest of East Godavari region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 3(2), 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2018.1522837
Srour, N., Thiffault, E., & Boucher, J.-F. (2024). Quantifying carbon stocks and functional diversity of roadside ecosystems – A case study in Quebec, Canada. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 91, 128163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128163
Parhizkar, Z., Moradi M., Abarifazli, R. (2025). Effects of Recreational Activities on Carbon Stocks in the Arid Riparian Forest. Eurasian Soil Science, 58, 133. https://doi.prg/10.1134/S1064229325601441
Tahmasebi, P. (2015). The ecology of plant communities. Shahrekord University Press, 274p. (In Persian)
Tahmasebi, P., Moradi, M., & Omidipour, R. (2017). Plant functional identity as the predictor of carbon storage in semi-arid ecosystems. Plant Ecology & Diversity, 10(2–3), Article 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2017.1355414
Wang, H., Ding, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Freedman, Z. B., Liu, P., Cong, W., Wang, J., Zang, R., & Liu, S. (2023). Evenness of soil organic carbon chemical components changes with tree species richness, composition and functional diversity across forests in China. Global Change Biology, 29(10), 2852–2864. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16653
Williamson, G. B., & Wiemann, M. C. (2010). Measuring wood specific gravity…Correctly. American Journal of Botany, 97(3), 519–524. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900243
Wright, I. J., Reich, P.B., Westoby, M., Ackely D.D., et al. (2004). The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature, 428(6985), 821–827. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02403
Yang, Y., Dou, Y., Cheng, H., & An, S. (2019). Plant functional diversity drives carbon storage following vegetation restoration in Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 246, 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.054
Yu, G., Lv, Z., & Liu, B. (2024). Functional diversity and carbon storage of plant community elevation patterns and carbon accumulation mechanisms in desert shrubland of Yanqi Hola Mountain, China. Ecological Indicators, 158, 111379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111379
Zaman, Md. R., Rahman, Md. S., Ahmed, S., & Zuidema, P. A. (2023). What drives carbon stocks in a mangrove forest? The role of stand structure, species diversity and functional traits. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 295, 108556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108556
Zuo, X., Zhou, X., Lv, P., Zhao, X., Zhang, J., Wang, S., & Yue, X. (2016). Testing Associations of Plant Functional Diversity with Carbon and Nitrogen Storage along a Restoration Gradient of Sandy Grassland. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00189
