Extended Abstract
Introduction: Due to existing limitations in sharing spatial data, numerous studies conducted within various organizations suffer from high costs and are not suitable for dissemination or reuse. Furthermore, incompatibility among data generated by different organizations, or even between departments within a single organization, poses a significant challenge to cross-sector decision-making. This inconsistency stems from differences in data standards, foundational principles, and production processes. Additionally, due to security concerns, organizations tend to produce redundant data repeatedly, leading to resource wastage and reduced efficiency. This study aims to design and implement an integrated spatial data infrastructure (SDI) for sustainable natural resource management in Ilam Province. A conceptual model was developed, and a systematic approach was adopted to propose a framework for integrating spatial data across the Department of Natural Resources.
Materials and Methods: To achieve the research objectives, the department's organizational structure was analyzed in terms of its chart and the information layers required. This was followed by a needs assessment and the design of conceptual, logical, and physical models. The selected open-source software environment was used to deploy the SDI  on a server. For data processing, open-source PostgreSQL and PostGIS databases were employed, while ENVI and ArcGIS were used for satellite imagery analysis. To disseminate the generated maps according to OGC standards, GeoServer was utilized.
Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that establishing such an infrastructure can enhance interdepartmental coordination, accelerate organizational workflows, reduce operational costs, and support sustainable natural resource management through centralized information. The fully operational implementation within the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management represents a significant advancement in spatial data management. Unlike many theoretical studies in this field, the system developed in this research actively provides services to real users, distinguishing it from purely conceptual work. Its primary advantage lies in the integrated data approach and the practical delivery of services. Implementation of this infrastructure has reduced decision-making time. For example, in monitoring and controlling violations, the system decreased the time required to detect land encroachment by up to 60%, thanks to the simultaneous display of ownership and land-use layers and the capability for online measurement of violations. In disaster management, the system identified a 70-hectare wildfire in Ilam County and automatically calculated the affected areas, reducing response times by up to 50%. A unique aspect of this research is its adaptation of advanced technologies to local and country-specific conditions. The system is not only theoretically sound but also addresses operational challenges such as infrastructural limitations, organizational resistance, and user-specific needs. The development of a mobile service with offline data upload capabilities and field mapping tools has addressed the needs of experts in remote areas, reducing reliance on specialized hardware by 75%. Despite these successes, the study encountered several limitations. The practical and indigenous nature of the project makes direct comparison with theoretical studies or systems implemented in other countries difficult. Challenges such as inter-organizational discrepancies, resistance to change, and hardware constraints were valuable learning experiences, often overlooked in experimental and theoretical research.
Conclusion: This research confirms that, despite various limitations, establishing a unified spatial data system is not only feasible within the country but can also significantly improve natural resources management processes. The practical experiences gained through this project can serve as a valuable guide for other organizations seeking to implement similar systems.