Integrated Watershed Management

Integrated Watershed Management

Waste disposal site location allocation using GIS and fuzzy overlay method (Case study: Birjand county)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Abbasali Rezapour 1
Saeid Deymevar 2
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranIran
10.22034/iwm.2024.2024112.1140
Abstract
Extended Abstract
 
 
Introduction: With the increase in population and the growth of industry and agriculture, the production of various types of human, industrial, and agricultural waste also increases. Improper disposal of waste can lead to environmental pollution and contamination of water resources. One common method of waste disposal is landfilling. A significant challenge of this method is finding a suitable location for the landfill, as the selection of an appropriate site depends on various criteria and factors. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making methods are effective and efficient tools for addressing this challenge. The aim of this study is to use GIS and fuzzy overlay methods to locate suitable landfill sites for municipal and industrial waste in Birjand. For the first time, this research uses spatial data layers for aquifer recharge areas, protective zones of drinking water wells, qanats, and springs in South Khorasan Province.
 
Materials and methods: This study combines GIS and fuzzy overlay functions to locate suitable landfill sites for municipal and industrial waste in Birjand County. The study area is Birjand, the capital of South Khorasan Province. The fuzzy overlay method utilizes a range of values between 0 and 1 to express the degree or value of set members. The study incorporates various criteria, including environmental, geological, infrastructural, and water resource factors, each comprising multiple sub-criteria. After preparing the necessary data in shapefile format, the Euclidean distance method in ArcMap software was used to create distance layers for each data point. These distance layers were then standardized using fuzzy logic through Python code. The fuzzy standardization of these layers was based on the technical evaluation guidelines for the disposal of ordinary and special waste provided by the Environmental Protection Organization. Finally, using the prepared fuzzy layers and fuzzy overlay functions including AND, OR, SUM, PRODUCT, and GAMMA, the final layer of suitable sites for municipal and industrial waste disposal was created.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of the overlay operation indicate that the OR and SUM functions did not yield satisfactory results for fuzzy decision-making. The results of the AND, PRODUCT, and GAMMA functions were classified into five categories based on the environmental and water resource risks associated with waste disposal in each area: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. The results indicated that the area with very high risk for waste disposal was the same across all functions. The AND function provided the smallest area for low and very low-risk zones, whereas the GAMMA function provided the largest area for these zones. The results suggest that if the GAMMA function’s power is chosen between 0 and 1, the results will be a combination of the AND and OR functions.
 
Conclusion: Considering the need to place landfill sites near waste production sources to mitigate costs and ownership challenges, it was found that the GAMMA function provides the most suitable results for locating landfill sites for ordinary and special waste in Birjand. According to the results of this function, 3535.982 km2 of Birjand County's area (about 88%) is a prohibited zone for municipal and ordinary waste disposal, and 3670.934 km2 (about 92%) is a prohibited zone for industrial and special waste disposal. The remaining area, 368.7 km2 for municipal and ordinary waste and 233.7 km2 for industrial and special waste, is suitable for landfill site selection. It was also found that the current municipal waste landfill site in Birjand County is located in a prohibited zone. Therefore it is necessary to relocate it and select a new site based on the results of this study as soon as possible.
Keywords
Landfill site selection
Ordinary and special waste
Geographic Information Systems
fuzzy logic
Birjand County

Subjects

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  • Receive Date 05 March 2024
  • Revise Date 22 April 2024
  • Accept Date 06 June 2024