Integrated Watershed Management

Integrated Watershed Management

Spatial analysis of water areas potential for small water supply projects in the southeast of Bushehr province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Adel Mohammad doust
Seyed Amir Shamsnia
Mohammad Shabani
Department of Water Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
10.22034/iwm.2023.2010245.1102
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Locating and building small water projects in hot and dry areas of the country that are facing water shortage is of great importance. These projects are more popular among farmers than other water supply and storage projects due to simple construction technology, low study and implementation costs, public participation, simple operation and maintenance, and environmental effects. The use of new sciences, especially Remote Sensing techniques (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) helps planners to locate water supply and storage projects. Various studies have been conducted in the world in relation to location, analysis of factors affecting the location of water storage and supply plans using different criteria and using RS and GIS techniques. The aim of the present study is to identify and introduce water areas with the potential to create small water supply projects in the southeast of Bushehr province.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted in Dayyer City in the southeast of Bushehr Province with an area of ​​2306 Km2 and a mean rainfall of 215 mm. In order to achieve the goal, first, nine flood-producing criteria including the slope, aspect of slope, river density, height, rainfall, runoff, distance from the river, land use and geological formations were considered. Then, using AHP method and weighting and prioritization of effective parameters and taking into account other environmental conditions and the overlap of maps, the final flood map of the city was prepared and classified. After calculating and estimating the degrees of importance, ArcGIS was used as a decision support system for future calculations. Also, Google earth and Arc Scene software have been used for better analysis and better understanding of the results in preparing the 3D space of the study area. After preparing the maps of the distribution and location of the wells and waterways network, the opinions of the relevant experts were also used. Also, other factors such as downstream land use, topography and access roads, drinking water consumption, livestock drinking consumption, the widest points in terms of the storage resource level and the ease of implementation of the structure were also considered as quality and management criteria.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the region can be divided into five regions with very low, low, medium, high and very high in terms of flood vulnerability risk. Also, the results of flood zoning showed that the extension of the northern and northeastern elevations to the east of Dayyer City and the middle elevations of the city and its center have high flood potential. According to the area of the study area, 25.2% are in the high vulnerability class and 11.5% in the very high vulnerability class. In addition, the results showed that 25 places in the region are suitable for creating small water supply projects, which, if implemented, can be effective in collecting and supplying water and increasing the profitability of the region in addition to controlling seasonal floods.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that more than one third of the region (36.7%) has a high to very high risk of flooding, so these areas should be the focus of urban management planning. Also, 25 places in the region were suitable for creating small water supply projects, which need to be considered by regional managers and planners to reduce the effects of water shortage of the region. In addition, this research showed the good performance of GIS and AHP method in flood risk zoning and locating of small water supply projects in Dayyer City. Another noticeable point is that there are about 4217 hectares of land under dry wheat cultivation in the 23 proposed points of downstream, and currently the harvest of rainfed wheat is 1.3 tons per hectare on average. If appropriate water supply plans are implemented, the total harvest amount can reach about 16,000 tons per year. Therefore, making suitable water supply plans can result in an increase in production.
Keywords
Analytic Hierarchy Process
Geographical Information System
Flood
Vulnerability

Subjects

Abdolazimi, H., Roshun, S.H., Shamsnia, S.A. & Shahinifar, H. (2021). Identification of Potential Areas to Flood Inundation in Shiraz City Using TOPSIS-GIS. Hydrogeomorphology Journal. 7(25): 139-159. https://doi.org/10.22034/hyd.2021.43413.1565
Adham, A., Riksen, M., Ouessar, M., Abed, R. & Ritsema, C. (2017). Development of Methodology for Existing Rainwater Harvesting Assessment in (semi) Arid Regions. In book: Water and Land Security in Drylands. pp.171-184.
Ahmad, I. & Verma, M.K. (2018). Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Water Resources Planning: A GIS Based Approach in the Identification of Suitable Site for Water Storage. Water Resour Manage, 32,5093–5114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2135-x.
Al-Ruzouq, R., Shanableh, A., Yilmaz, AG., Idris, A., Mukherjee, S., Khalil, MA. & Gibril, MBA. (2019). Dam Site Suitability Mapping and Analysis Using an Integrated GIS and Machine Learning Approach. Water,11(9),1880. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11091880
Ammar, A., Riksen, M., Ouessar, M. & Ritsema, C. (2016). Identification of Suitable Sites for Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Arid and Semi-arid Regions: A review. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 4(2), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2016.03.001.
Arab Ameri, A., Sohrabi, M., Rezaei, K. & Shirani, K. (2018). Underground Dam Location using GIS Technique and Analysis Hierarchy Method (AHP). Iranian Journal of Watershed Science and Engineering, 12(41), 51-60. (In Persian)
Arumugam, M., Kulandaisamy, P., Karthikeyan, S., Thangaraj, K., Senapathi, V., Chung, S.Y., Muthuramalingam, S., Rajendran, M., Sugumaran, S. & Manimuthu, S. (2023). An Assessment of Geospatial Analysis Combined with AHP Techniques to Identify Groundwater Potential Zones in the Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Water, 15(6),1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061101
Atiq, M., Arslan, M., Baig, Z., Ahmad, A., Tanveer, M., Akhtar, A., Sohail, A., Naeem, K. & Mahmood, S.A. (2019). Dam Site Identification Using Remote Sensing and GIS (A case study Diamer Basha Dam Site). International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology, 168-178. https://doi.org/10.33411/IJIST/20190104122.
Broushke, E., Namaki, M. & Bagharian, R. (2015). Investigating and Evaluating the Traditional Method of Using Small Water Resources Projects "Sase Study of West Azarbaijan province". Watershed promotion and development, 3(10), 15-20. (In Persian)
Dai, X. (2016). Dam site selection using an integrated method of AHP and GIS for decision making support in Northern China. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund university.
Dash, P. & Sar, J. (2020). Identification and Validation of Potential Flood Hazard Area using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis and Satellite Data-Derived Water Index. J Flood Risk Management, 13:12620. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12620
Ebrahimi, M. (2009). The position of small water supply projects in water resources management, The first conference on water resources management. (In Persian)
Greenwood, JB., Schoups, G., Campbell, ED. & Patrick, NJL. (2014). Bayesian Scrutiny of sSimplerainfall–runoff Models Used in Forest Water Management. Journal of Hydrology, 512, 344-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.074
Jozaghi, A., Alizadeh, B., Hatami, M., Flood, I., Khorrami, M., Khodaei, N. & Ghasemi Tousi, E. (2018). A Comparative Study of the AHP and TOPSIS Techniques for Dam Site Selection Using GIS: A Case Study of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. Geosciences, 8(12), 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120494. (In Persian)
Liu, J., Tan, J., Zhang, S., Zhong, C. & Tara, A. (2023). Suitability Assessment of Small Dams’ Location as Nature-Based Solutions to Reduce Flood Risk in Mataniko Catchment, Honiara, Solomon Islands. Sustainability, 15, 3313. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043313.
Luís, ADA. & Cabral, P. (2021). Small Dams/Reservoirs Site Location Analysis in a Semi-arid Region of Mozambique. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 9 (3), 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.02.002.
Minatour, Y., Khazaei, J. & Ataei, MY. (2013). Earth Dam Site Selection Using the Aanalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Case Study in the West of Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6,3417–3426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0602-x.
Mohammad Doust, A. & Shamsnia, S.A. (2023). Identification and Zoning of Flood-Prone Areas Using AHP - GIS (Case Study: Dayyer County, Bushehr Province). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies. 12(47): 152-167.Negese, A., Worku, D., Shitaye, A. & Getnet, H. (2022). Potential Flood-Prone Area Identification and Mapping using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Analytical Hierarchy Process in Dega Damot District, Northwestern Ethiopia. Appl Water Sci, 12, 255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01772-7
Noori, AM., Pradhan, B & Ajaj, QM. (2019). Dam Site Suitability Assessment at the Greater Zab River in Northern Iraq using Remote Sensing Data and GIS. Journal of Hydrology, 574, 964-979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.001
Othman, AA., Al-Maamar, AF., Al-Manmi, D., Liesenberg, V., Hasan, S. E., Obaid, AK. & Al-Quraishi, AMF. (2020). GIS-Based Modeling for Selection of Dam Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(4), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040244
Portabari, MR., Mursali, M., Mursali, M. & Nouri, H. (2008). Location of Potential Areas for the Implementation of Artificial Aquifer Feeding Projects using Geographic Information System: A Case Study of Hashtgerd Plain, 4th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Tehran. (In Persian)
Raza, S., Shafique, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Sikandar, A., Ahmad, N.& Shah, K. (2018). Site Selection of Water Storage Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 3(4),265-278.  https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2018.04.01
Rezaei, AA. & Chabokro, Gr. (2009). Drought and Optimal Management of Agricultural Water Resources. National Water Crisis Management Conference. (In Persian).
Rostami, F., Tavakoli, M., Rostami, N.& Ebrahimi, H. (2021). Investigation of  Flood Hazard Potential in Watersheds Using AHP (Case Study: Ilam City Watershed). Integrated Watershed Management, 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.22034/iwm.2021.247934. (In Persian)
Talikani, AA. & Eshaaghzadeh Amlashi, A. (2018). The use of GIS in the construction of dams and hydraulic structures, Mapping and Geospatial Information Journal of Guilan, 3(2), 31-38. (In Persian)
Taqvai Abrishami, AA, (2005). Watershed Management and Surface Water Extraction with the Implementation of Small and Low-Cost Projects (Investigation of Local Experiences in the East of the Country). The second national conference on watershed management and water and soil resources management, Kerman. (In Persian)
Vagharfard, H. & Moghim, H. (2019). Locating Suitable Areas for Flood Spreading System, Using AHP Method and GIS Technique, Case Study: Naeim-Abad Region, Fars Province. Watershed Engineering and Management, 10(4), 763-773. DOI:10.22092/ijwmse.2018.105362.1106 fa (In Persian)
Zama, N., Javed, M., Ahmad, S. & Waleed, M. (2023). Dam Site Selection Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS): A case Study of Kurram Tangi North Waziristan. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2447939/v1

  • Receive Date 31 August 2023
  • Revise Date 27 October 2023
  • Accept Date 17 November 2023