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<!DOCTYPE ArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMed 2.7//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/in/PubMed.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>دانشگاه ایلام</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>مدیریت جامع حوزه های آبخیز</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>2783-4581</Issn>
				<Volume>5</Volume>
				<Issue>3</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>11</Month>
					<Day>22</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Investigation of drought processes under climate change conditions in the future period using IPCC sixth assessment report (Case study: Qaen synoptic station)</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>بررسی روند خشکسالی تحت شرایط تغییر اقلیم در دوره آتی با استفاده از گزارش ششم IPCC (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه سینوپتیک قاین)</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>36</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>52</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">718948</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22034/iwm.2024.2033468.1161</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>مجید</FirstName>
					<LastName>هاونگی</LastName>
<Affiliation>گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران</Affiliation>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>مهدی</FirstName>
					<LastName>امیرآبادی زاده</LastName>
<Affiliation>گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران</Affiliation>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>مهدی</FirstName>
					<LastName>دستورانی</LastName>
<Affiliation>گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7718-9604</Identifier>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2024</Year>
					<Month>07</Month>
					<Day>06</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif;&quot;&gt;Extended abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;: The phenomenon of climate change, as one of the main drivers of the increase in greenhouse gases, has a significant impact on extreme events such as floods and droughts. Therefore, investigating the impact of climate change on these extreme phenomena is crucial for the planning and management of water resources in the future. Drought, along with its effects on natural resources, agricultural production, and economic and social development, is one of the fundamental challenges facing both Iran and the world. Since drought impacts various sectors of society—such as water resources, agriculture, and industry—it is essential to monitor and assess this phenomenon both now and, in the future, to plan effectively across different sectors. Considering that previous research relied on only one AOGCM model, primarily using the fourth or fifth reports, this study utilizes five CMIP6 climate models while incorporating the sixth assessment report. This research, therefore, discusses drought forecasting under climate change conditions using five climate models and two emission scenarios at the Qaen synoptic station.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;: In this research, five large-scale models were used: ACCESS-ESM1-5, CNRM-CM6-1, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, MRI-ESM2-0, and MPI-ESM1-2-L-R. Two emission scenarios, SSP5-8.5 (pessimistic) and SSP2-4.5 (intermediate), along with the LARS-WG statistical downscaling method, were applied. First, the LARS-WG model was evaluated using the basic data. After calibrating and validating the model, temperature and precipitation parameters were produced for the future period. Then, the SPEI and SPI drought indices were calculated and analyzed for the base period (1990-2020) and the future period (2025-2055).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Results and Discussion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;: The bR² values for the minimum and maximum temperatures were 0.99, and the RMSE values for these temperatures were 0.308 and 0.384, respectively, indicating the high accuracy of the model in downscaling temperature. For precipitation, the bR² value was 0.74, and the RMSE was 4.001, showing the model&#039;s good performance in downscaling precipitation data for the base period. The amount of precipitation increased or decreased depending on the emission scenario and the month. The simulated average temperature in both scenarios shows an increasing trend compared to the base period. Based on the 12-month SPI index, the number of dry and wet months increased relative to the base period. Additionally, the number of normal months in the future period decreased compared to the base period in both the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. According to the SPEI index in both scenarios, the number of dry months in the future period decreased compared to the base period, while the number of wet months showed only a slight increase.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;: The LARS-WG model demonstrated good performance in downscaling precipitation and temperature for the future period. The results indicate an increasing trend in average downscaled temperature in both scenarios compared to the base period. Precipitation varied depending on the scenario and month. Findings revealed that the frequency of wet and dry periods on a short-term scale (6 months) was higher than on a longer time scale (12 months), suggesting that as the time scale increases, the frequency of wet and dry periods decreases, while their duration increases. Furthermore, in the future period (2025-2055), the frequency of droughts is expected to decrease, but with increased duration compared to the base period. The number of dry months in the future period will be significantly reduced, while the number of normal and wet months will increase slightly. The most severe drought, characterized by high continuity, is predicted to occur from 2045 to 2055.&lt;/span&gt;</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;چکیده مبسوط&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;مقدمه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;پدیده تغییر اقلیم به عنوان یکی از دلایل افزایش گاز‌های گلخانه‌ای تأثیر زیادی بر پدیده&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های حدی مانند سیل و خشکسالی دارد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; لذا بررسی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر پدیده&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;های حدی جهت برنامه­ریزی و مدیریت منابع آب در دوره&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;های آتی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. خشکسالی و تأثیر آن بر منابع طبیعی، تولیدات کشاورزی، توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی یکی از چالش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;های اساسی ایران و جهان است و از آنجا که خشکسالی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;بخش‌های مختلف جامعه مانند منابع آب، کشاورزی، صنعت، و غیره را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد، پایش و ارزیابی این پدیده در حال و آینده به منظور برنامه­ریزی مناسب در بخش­های مختلف جامعه امری ضروری و حائز اهمیت است. با توجه به اینکه در پژوهش‌های قبلی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; تنها از یک مدل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;AOGCM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; و عمدتاً با استفاده از گزارش‌های چهارم یا پنجم صورت گرفته است، در این تحقیق ضمن استفاده از مدل‌های گزارش ‌ششم، از پنج مدل اقلیمی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;CMIP6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; استفاده شده است&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; لذا در این تحقیق به پیش‌نگری خشکسالی تحت شرایط تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از پنج مدل اقلیمی و دو سناریوی انتشار در ایستگاه سینوپتیک قاین پرداخته شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;مواد و روش‌­ها: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;در این &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;تحقیق از ترکیب پنج مدل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;بزرگ مقیاس شامل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;ACCESS-ESM1-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;CNRM-CM6-1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;HadGEM3-GC31- LL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;MRI-ESM2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;-0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;MPI ESM 1-2 –L-R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;و دو سناریوی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SSP5.8-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; (سناریوی بدبینانه) و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SSP2.4-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;(سناریوی حد واسط) و روش ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;LARS-WG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; استفاده شد. ابتدا با استفاده از داده‌های پایه، مدل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;LARS-WG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته و پس از واسنجی و صحت‌سنجی مدل، پارامتر‌های دما و بارش برای دوره آتی تولید شدند؛ سپس شاخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های خشکسالی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SPEI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SPI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; در دوره پایه (1990-2020) و دوره آتی (2025-2055) محاسبه و تحلیل گردید.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;نتایج و بحث&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;مقادیر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;bR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; برای دمای کمینه و بیشینه مقدار 99/0 به دست آمد و مقادیر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;RMSE &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;برای دمای کمینه و بیشینه به ترتیب&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;308/0 و384/0 درجه سانتی‌گراد و ضریب نش‌ساتکلیف برای دمای کمینه و بیشینه 998/0 به دست آمد که نشانگر دقت بالای مدل در ریزمقیاس­نمائی دمای کمینه و بیشینه می­باشد. برای متغیر بارش مقدار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;bR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; برابر 74/0 و مقدار &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;RMSE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; برابر 001/4 میلی­متر و ضریب نش ساتکلیف 834/0 به دست آمد که نشانگر عملکرد خوب مدل در ریزمقیاس­سازی داده‌های بارش دوره پایه می­باشد. پیش­نگری دوره آتی نشان داد که مقدار بارش بسته به سناریوی انتشار و ماه مدنظر افزایش یا کاهش دارد و دمای میانگین ریزمقیاس­سازی شده در هر دو سناریو نسبت به دوره پایه روند صعودی دارد. بر اساس شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;SPI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;در مقیاس 12 ماهه، تعداد ماه­های خشک و مرطوب نسبت به دوره پایه افزایش و تعداد ماه­های نرمال در دوره آتی بر اساس سناریوهای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SSP2.4-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SSP5.8-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; نسبت به دوره پایه کاهش داشته است در حالی که بر اساس شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;SPEI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; تعداد ماه­های خشک در دوره آتی بر اساس هر دو سناریو نسبت به دوره پایه کاهش و تعداد ماه­های مرطوب در دوره آتی نسبت به دوره پایه تغییر چندانی نداشته و به میزان یک ماه افزایش داشت.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 2.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;نتیجه‌گیری: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;مدل &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;LARS-WG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; داری عملکرد مناسبی در ریزمقیاس­سازی بارش و دما برای دوره آتی می­باشد که بر اساس نتایج آن دمای میانگین ریزمقیاس‌سازی­شده در هر دو سناریو نسبت به دوره پایه روند افزایشی دارد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; مقدار بارش بسته به &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;سناریو و ماه مدنظر افزایش یا کاهش داشت&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; نتایج نشان داد افزایش تداوم خشکسالی و فراوانی دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب به­ترتیب با افزایش مقیاس&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Gothic&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;MS Gothic&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های زمانی رابطه مستقیم و معکوس دارد و با افزایش مقیاس زمانی فراوانی دوره&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های خشک و مرطوب کاهش و تداوم این دوره­ها افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین در دوره آتی (2055-2025) تکرار دوره&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های خشکسالی‌ها باتداوم بالا نسبت به دوره پایه دارای روند کاهشی است و تعداد ماه­های خشک در دوره آتی بر اساس هر دو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; سناریوی مورد بررسی نسبت به دوره پایه به طور قابل توجهی کمتر شده و تعداد ماه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;MS Mincho&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;‌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;های نرمال و مرطوب در دوره آتی نسبت به دوره پایه کمی افزایش را نشان می‌دهند. شدیدترین خشکسالی با تداوم زیاد در دوره آتی از سال 2045 تا 2055 پیش­نگری می­شود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</OtherAbstract>
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